This review explores the therapeutic potential, mechanisms, and cultivation practices of key cannabis-based phytocannabinoids, including THC, CBD, CBG, CBN, and CBC.
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These compounds have demonstrated efficacy in addressing numerous health conditions—such as chronic pain, epilepsy, neurodegenerative disorders, anxiety, and skin issues—highlighting the importance of controlled cultivation and precise environmental management to optimize their therapeutic profiles.
The paper emphasizes that indoor cannabis cultivation provides a more consistent cannabinoid profile, essential for therapeutic use, whereas outdoor cultivation may yield higher cannabinoid content but lacks consistency. Environmental variables, including light exposure, temperature, humidity, water, CO₂ levels, nutrient application, and drying processes, are critical to optimizing cannabinoid quality and composition. These parameters play a particularly crucial role when achieving specific cannabinoid ratios, such as a balanced THC:CBD ratio of 1:1 for certain therapeutic applications.
The authors advocate for greater collaboration between healthcare and cultivation sectors to establish standardized data on effective cannabinoid concentrations and ratios. Such data sharing would enable growers to tailor cultivation techniques to produce cannabinoid profiles that align with specific therapeutic requirements, advancing both production practices and clinical outcomes in cannabinoid-based treatments.
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